nginx
项目最初上线的时候并发量小、用户使用少,所以在低并发的情况下,一个Jar包、一个tomcat服务器就够了
但是用户多了,并发量就增大了,这时候一台服务器就不能满足需求,于是可以横向扩展服务器,这时候几个项目启动在不同的服务器上,由于session不共享,就需要一个代理服务器,通过代理服务器请求转发:
我们希望这个代理服务器可以帮助我们接受用户请求,然后按照规则转发在不同服务器上,这个过程用户是无感知的,用户并不知道哪台服务器在返回结果,还希望它可以按照服务器性能提供不同的权重选择
什么是nginx
Nginx(“engine x”)是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发高性能的 Web和 反向代理 服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。
在高连接并发的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。
nginx相对于apache的优点: 轻量级,同样起web 服务,比apache 占用更少的内存及资源 ,抗并发,nginx 处理请求是异步非阻塞的,而apache 则是阻塞型的,在高并发下nginx 能保持低资源低消耗高性能,高度模块化的设计,编写模块相对简单 ,社区活跃,各种高性能模块出品迅速。
官方数据统计表明能够支持50000个并发量。
nginx作用
http代理,反向代理:作为web服务器最常用的功能之一,尤其是反向代理。
正向代理:
例如我们用的VPN,相当于一个中介跳转;正向代理代理的是客户端,反向代理代理的是服务器。
反向代理:
负载均衡:
nginx提供两种负载均衡策略:内置策略和扩展策略;内置策略为轮询、加权轮询,ip hash;扩展策略就是天马行空,任意的定制
轮询:
加权轮询:
ip hash:
动静分离:
动静分离,通过中间将动静分离和静态请求进行分离;
通过中间件将动态请求和静态请求分离,可以建上不必要的请求消耗,同时能减少请求的延时。
通过中间件将动态请求和静态请求分离,逻辑图如下 :
动静分离只有好处:动静分离后,即使动态服务不可用,但静态资源不会受到影响。
nginx安装:
官网地址:http://nginx.org/en/download.html
Windows下安装:
1、官网下载稳定版本,下载即运行,不用任何安装
2、命令行输入nginx.exe,双击运行一闪而过看不到效果,浏览查看80端口:
linux下安装:
1、官网下载稳定版本,上传到服务器:
2、解压安装:
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#解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
#执行配置
./configure
#执行make命令:
make
make install
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第三步报错:
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./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
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#执行命令 安装pcre-devel
yum -y install pcre-devel
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依旧报错:
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./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.
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#安装zlib
wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure
make
make install
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3、查看是否安装成功:
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[root@jd nginx-1.18.0]# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
[root@jd nginx-1.18.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@jd nginx]# ls
conf html logs sbin
[root@jd nginx]# ./sbin/nginx
[root@jd nginx]# curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
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4、nginx常用命令:
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cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
./nginx #启动
./nginx -s stop #停止
./nginx -s quit #安全退出
./nginx -s reload #重新加载配置文件
ps aux|grep nginx #查看nginx进程
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nginx配置使用:
应用场景:现在有多台配置不一样的服务器,根据服务器性能设置不同的权重轮询:
配置实例:8000代表一台服务器,8001代表一台服务器,加权轮询1:3
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upstream eccentric{
server 127.0.0.1:8000 weight=1;
server 127.0.0.1:8001 weight=3;
}
server {
listen 7999;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /hello {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://eccentric;
}
#访问后台管理系统/admin
location /admin {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
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本地模拟两个服务器:
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java -jar democompose-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8000
java -jar democompose-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8001
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本地访问localhost:7999:
两台服务器接受到的请求次数:
Windows双击运行nginx.exe带来的问题,没有办法通过命令行关闭,nginx80端口一直被占用:
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#查看占用80端口的进程
netstat -ano | findstr ":80 "
#查看对应进程的应用
tasklist /fi "PID eq 752"
#杀死进程
taskkill /pid 752 /f
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#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream eccentric{
server 127.0.0.1:8000 weight=1;
server 127.0.0.1:8001 weight=3;
}
server {
listen 7999;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location /hello {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://eccentric;
}
#访问后台管理系统/admin
location /admin {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
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